Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by an immune reaction to gluten. Gluten is a type of protein found in wheat, rye or barley. If an individual suffers from celiac disease, consuming gluten triggers an immune response to the protein in the small intestine. It prevents the lining of the small intestine to function optimally, and causes a condition called malabsorption (the inability of the small intestine to absorb nutrients).
The intestinal damage caused by celiac disease leads to an array of symptoms and at times, severe complications, if not managed or treated properly. In children, malabsorption can negatively impact growth, development and gastrointestinal symptoms. It is also important to keep in mind that the symptoms of celiac disease can vary from person to person. They may also differ in children and adults.
Celiac Disease Signs and Symptoms for Adults
Diarrhoea
Fatigue
Bloating
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Constipation
Note: More than half the adults diagnosed with celiac disease have symptoms that are not associated with the digestive system. These may include:
Celiac Disease Signs and Symptoms for Children
Nausea and vomiting
Swollen belly
Chronic diarrhoea
Constipation
Foul-smelling stools
In children, the inability to absorb nutrients can result in:
Tooth enamel damage
Weight loss
Anaemia
Irritability
Short stature
Delayed puberty
ADHD (Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder)
Impaired learning
Causes of Celiac Disease
Autoimmune diseases like celiac disease are partly inherited genetic disorders. This indicates that a particular gene mutation has passed down through generations and makes an individual more susceptible to the condition. However, not all individuals with gene mutations develop celiac disease.
Is Celiac Disease a Serious Condition?
Celiac disease causes damage to the small intestine which can have serious consequences on the body. The small intestine functions to absorb nutrients from food through mucosa and if the mucosa is damaged, the absorption of nutrients will be hampered. This leads to a condition called malabsorption, which can further lead to malnutrition and other conditions linked to nutritional deficiency.
What Risk Factors Contribute to Celiac Disease?
Celiac disease is more common in individuals with inherited chromosomal disorders such as Down Syndrome and Turner Syndrome. Also, like other autoimmune diseases, celiac disease is more common in individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB).
Tests and Diagnosis
Many people are sensitive to gluten or other wheat products in their diet. When it comes to diagnosis, the doctor recommends two methods for the detection of celiac disease. The first method is blood tests. A blood test will help detect gluten antibodies that damage the intestines. Next, a healthcare provider requires a small tissue sample from the small intestine (biopsy) for examination.
Management and Treatment
The most important step in the management of celiac disease is to stop gluten intake. Other additional treatments may include:
Medications to treat dermatitis herpetiformis
Corticosteroids for inflammation
Nutritional supplements for deficiencies
Regular check-ups and follow-up care
Living with Celiac Disease
Develop a personalised home-food menu: Consult gluten-free recipe guides and develop a diet plan and a go-to food menu to follow.
If you are planning to eat out, look out for reliable restaurants with gluten-free menus. Even the smallest amount of gluten intake can be harmful, so instead of bread, cereal and other starches, made with wheat, barley, or rye, opt for:
Rice
Sweet potatoes
Corn
Beans and nuts
Oats
Quinoa
Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon is one of the best hospitals for gastroenterology in Gurugram. We offer an impeccable hospital experience, personalised patient care, state-of-the-art technology and a highly experienced team of gastroenterologists for the management of conditions involving the digestive tract.
Know Our Doctors
Dr M.A Mir - Head - Gastroenterology - Liver & Digestive Diseases (Unit III)
Dr Pawan Rawal - Head Unit I - Gastroenterology
Dr Sakshi Karkra - Head - Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dr Atul Rana - Consultant - Gastroenterology
FAQs
1. What is the prognosis for celiac disease?
The damage associated with celiac disease is reversible. Following a gluten free diet will help get relief from symptoms and allow the small intestine to heal.
2. What are the most common signs and symptoms of celiac disease?
The five most common symptoms of celiac disease are:
