First JCI & NABH Accredited Multispeciality Health Care Hospital in Gurgaon

Book Appointments On Application

      For Appointments: +91-124 4511 111 |    Emergency: +91-124 4588 888
    Whatsapp Icon  For Whatsapp Enquiry: +91 9599285476                                                  

What is Celiac Disease

what-is-celiac-disease

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by an immune reaction to gluten. Gluten is a type of protein found in wheat, rye or barley. If an individual suffers from celiac disease, consuming gluten triggers an immune response to the protein in the small intestine. It prevents the lining of the small intestine to function optimally, and causes a condition called malabsorption (the inability of the small intestine to absorb nutrients).

The intestinal damage caused by celiac disease leads to an array of symptoms and at times, severe complications, if not managed or treated properly. In children, malabsorption can negatively impact growth, development and gastrointestinal symptoms. It is also important to keep in mind that the symptoms of celiac disease can vary from person to person. They may also differ in children and adults.

Celiac Disease Signs and Symptoms for Adults

  • Diarrhoea

  • Fatigue

  • Bloating

  • Nausea

  • Abdominal pain

  • Constipation

Note: More than half the adults diagnosed with celiac disease have symptoms that are not associated with the digestive system. These may include:

  • Anaemia

  • Reduced bone density

  • Dermatitis herpetiformis (Blistery or itchy skin rash)

  • Mouth ulcers

  • Fatigue

  • Cognitive impairment

  • Joint pain

  • Hyposplenism (impaired functioning of the spleen)

  • High liver enzyme levels

Celiac Disease Signs and Symptoms for Children

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Swollen belly

  • Chronic diarrhoea

  • Constipation

  • Foul-smelling stools

  • In children, the inability to absorb nutrients can result in:

  • Tooth enamel damage

  • Weight loss

  • Anaemia

  • Irritability

  • Short stature

  • Delayed puberty

  • ADHD (Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder)

  • Impaired learning

Causes of Celiac Disease

Autoimmune diseases like celiac disease are partly inherited genetic disorders. This indicates that a particular gene mutation has passed down through generations and makes an individual more susceptible to the condition. However, not all individuals with gene mutations develop celiac disease.

Is Celiac Disease a Serious Condition?

Celiac disease causes damage to the small intestine which can have serious consequences on the body. The small intestine functions to absorb nutrients from food through mucosa and if the mucosa is damaged, the absorption of nutrients will be hampered. This leads to a condition called malabsorption, which can further lead to malnutrition and other conditions linked to nutritional deficiency.

What Risk Factors Contribute to Celiac Disease?

Celiac disease is more common in individuals with inherited chromosomal disorders such as Down Syndrome and Turner Syndrome. Also, like other autoimmune diseases, celiac disease is more common in individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB).

Tests and Diagnosis

Many people are sensitive to gluten or other wheat products in their diet. When it comes to diagnosis, the doctor recommends two methods for the detection of celiac disease. The first method is blood tests. A blood test will help detect gluten antibodies that damage the intestines. Next, a healthcare provider requires a small tissue sample from the small intestine (biopsy) for examination. 

Management and Treatment

The most important step in the management of celiac disease is to stop gluten intake. Other additional treatments may include:

  • Medications to treat dermatitis herpetiformis

  • Corticosteroids for inflammation

  • Nutritional supplements for deficiencies

  • Regular check-ups and follow-up care

Living with Celiac Disease

Develop a personalised home-food menu: Consult gluten-free recipe guides and develop a diet plan and a go-to food menu to follow. 

If you are planning to eat out, look out for reliable restaurants with gluten-free menus. Even the smallest amount of gluten intake can be harmful, so instead of bread, cereal and other starches, made with wheat, barley, or rye, opt for:

  • Rice

  • Sweet potatoes

  • Corn

  • Beans and nuts

  • Oats

  • Quinoa

Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon is one of the best hospitals for gastroenterology in Gurugram. We offer an impeccable hospital experience, personalised patient care, state-of-the-art technology and a highly experienced team of gastroenterologists for the management of conditions involving the digestive tract.

Know Our Doctors 

Dr M.A Mir - Head - Gastroenterology - Liver & Digestive Diseases (Unit III)

Dr Pawan Rawal - Head Unit I - Gastroenterology 

Dr Sakshi Karkra - Head - Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Dr Atul Rana - Consultant - Gastroenterology

FAQs

1. What is the prognosis for celiac disease?

The damage associated with celiac disease is reversible. Following a gluten free diet will help get relief from symptoms and allow the small intestine to heal.

2. What are the most common signs and symptoms of celiac disease?

The five most common symptoms of celiac disease are:

  • Bloating

  • Abdominal pain

  • Gas

  • Nausea

  • Diarrhoea or constipation

All media coverage