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Decoding Seasonal Affective Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is more than just the "winter blues." In this exploration of SAD, we delve into its characteristics, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. Insights from mental health professionals shed light on the impact of harsh winters on mental well-being.
Understanding Seasonal Affective Disorder:
SAD is a recurrent depressive disorder marked by the onset of depressive symptoms during specific seasons, typically the fall and winter months. Dr. Shambhavi Jaiman, a Consultant Psychiatrist at Fortis Healthcare, emphasizes that reduced exposure to natural sunlight during these seasons disrupts circadian rhythms and affects neurotransmitter levels, particularly serotonin and melatonin.
Impact of Harsh Winters on Mental Health:
The gloomy winter season, with shorter days and longer nights, can cast a melancholic atmosphere. Recent data from the India Meteorological Department indicates a colder-than-usual January in India's National Capital, exacerbating the impact of harsh temperatures on both physical and mental health. Dr. Srikanth Srinivasan, Chief Medical Director at Niyama Digital Healthcare, notes that deficits in vitamin D resulting from reduced sunlight exposure may worsen the situation, as vitamin D is believed to promote serotonin activity.
Symptoms and Diagnosis of SAD:
SAD may manifest as major depression, with symptoms including a persistent low mood, loss of interest in enjoyable activities, sleep disturbances, and thoughts of death or suicide. Winter-pattern SAD may involve oversleeping, overeating, weight gain, and social withdrawal. Dr. Srinivasan outlines the diagnostic process, involving a thorough evaluation of symptoms, mental state examination, and consideration of family history.
Treatment Options for SAD:
Three common treatment methods for SAD include Bright Light Therapy, Antidepressant Medications (such as SSRIs and Bupropion), and Psychotherapy. Vitamin D supplementation is also considered. Dr. Srinivasan highlights the importance of a holistic approach to treatment, tailored to the individual's needs.
Who is Susceptible to SAD?
SAD is more prevalent in people aged 18-30, with a higher incidence among those assigned female at birth. Dr. Srinivasan notes that it is four times more common in women than in men. Factors such as living far from the equator, pre-existing mental health conditions, bipolar disorder, and shift work increase susceptibility. Genetic factors also play a role, with a family history of SAD increasing the likelihood of experiencing the disorder.
When to Seek Professional Help:
While mild forms of SAD are termed "Winter blues," more severe symptoms that impact daily functioning warrant consultation with a mental health professional. Persistent changes in mood, energy, or behavior, especially if accompanied by thoughts of self-harm, should not be ignored. Dr. Jaiman emphasizes warning signs such as difficulties in coping with daily life and a noticeable decline in overall well-being.
Coping Strategies and Lifestyle Modifications:
Dr. Chandhok, shedding light on SAD in India, points to the impact of scorching summers and gloomy winters on mental health. He suggests shifting focus from depressive triggers, engaging in activities that bring joy, and considering professional help if needed. A holistic approach, combining lifestyle modifications and professional interventions, is crucial for individuals with SAD.
Prioritize Your Mental Well-being: